Understanding Social Security Disability Benefits: What You Need to Know
When a person becomes disabled and is unable to work, it can be an incredibly challenging experience. Along with dealing with physical or mental limitations, individuals often face financial hardships due to an inability to earn an income. Fortunately, the U.S. government offers Social Security Disability Benefits (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) to help provide financial support for individuals who are unable to work because of disability. While these programs offer vital assistance, the application process can be complex, and many people face challenges in obtaining benefits.
In this blog post, we will provide a comprehensive overview of Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI), including eligibility criteria, the application process, common mistakes to avoid, and what to expect after your application is approved.
What is Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI)?
Both SSDI and SSI are federal programs designed to provide financial assistance to individuals who are disabled, but there are important differences between the two. These differences primarily relate to eligibility requirements, the funding of the programs, and the type of assistance provided.
Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI)
SSDI is a program that provides monthly benefits to individuals who have worked and paid Social Security taxes but are no longer able to work due to a disability. SSDI is based on an individual’s work history and the number of "work credits" earned during their employment. The amount of benefits a person can receive depends on their average lifetime earnings and how long they have worked.
To qualify for SSDI, an individual must have a disability that meets the Social Security Administration’s (SSA) strict definition of disability, which typically requires the disability to be expected to last at least one year or result in death.
Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
SSI is a need-based program that provides financial assistance to disabled individuals who have limited income and resources, regardless of their work history. Unlike SSDI, SSI does not require an individual to have earned work credits. Instead, eligibility for SSI is determined by the applicant’s income, assets, and the severity of their disability.
SSI is available to both disabled adults and children, and it can also be available to individuals who are 65 or older and meet the financial requirements, regardless of disability status. While SSI does not depend on an individual’s past work history, it does have strict limits on income and resources that applicants must meet in order to qualify.
Eligibility Criteria for SSDI and SSI
Both SSDI and SSI have specific eligibility requirements, though they differ in some key ways.
1. Work History and Credits for SSDI
To qualify for SSDI, an applicant must have worked and paid into the Social Security system for a certain period of time, earning what are called "work credits." The number of work credits needed for SSDI depends on the individual’s age at the time of disability. Typically, an individual needs 40 work credits, with 20 of those credits earned in the last 10 years before becoming disabled. Younger individuals may qualify with fewer work credits.
Work credits are earned by working and paying Social Security taxes on your earnings. In 2025, individuals earn one work credit for every $1,640 in earnings, up to a maximum of four credits per year.
2. Medical Eligibility for SSDI and SSI
Both SSDI and SSI require the applicant to have a disability that meets the SSA’s definition. According to the SSA, disability is defined as the inability to work due to a medical condition that is expected to last at least 12 months or result in death. The SSA has a list of medical conditions called the "Blue Book," which provides detailed criteria for what qualifies as a disabling condition. The list includes a variety of conditions affecting the body, including neurological disorders, mental health conditions, musculoskeletal issues, and cardiovascular conditions.
The SSA will evaluate the severity of your condition, how it affects your ability to perform work, and whether there are any other jobs you can perform despite the disability. In cases where the medical condition is not listed in the Blue Book, the SSA will evaluate whether your condition is equivalent to one that is listed and causes similar limitations.
3. Financial Eligibility for SSI
For SSI, eligibility is based on financial need rather than work history. An individual must have limited income and resources to qualify for SSI benefits. As of 2025, the SSA limits the amount of countable resources an individual can have to $2,000, and for a couple, the limit is $3,000. These resources include cash, bank accounts, property, and other assets. Some resources, like your home or car, may be excluded from this calculation.
Income is also an important factor in SSI eligibility. The SSA considers both earned and unearned income, including wages, Social Security benefits, pensions, and other forms of income. If your income exceeds a certain threshold, you may not qualify for SSI benefits.
The Application Process for SSDI and SSI
The application process for SSDI and SSI can be time-consuming, and it is common for initial applications to be denied. It is essential to approach the application process carefully to avoid common pitfalls and improve your chances of success.
1. Gather Necessary Documentation
Before you begin the application process, gather all the necessary documentation to support your claim. This includes medical records, work history, tax information, and other financial documents. You may need to provide:
Medical records showing your diagnosis, treatment history, and how your condition affects your ability to work.
Proof of income to demonstrate your financial situation (especially for SSI).
Work history information, including your W-2 forms and tax returns, for SSDI.
2. Submit the Application
The application for SSDI and SSI can be completed online through the SSA’s website, by phone, or in person at your local SSA office. It is essential to provide complete and accurate information on your application. Missing or incorrect information can lead to delays or denials.
3. Wait for a Decision
After you submit your application, the SSA will review your case and make a decision. This process can take several months, and it is common for applicants to experience delays. If your application is denied, you have the right to appeal the decision, which can also be a lengthy process.
Common Mistakes to Avoid When Applying for SSDI and SSI
The application process for Social Security disability benefits can be complicated, and mistakes during the application process can result in delays or denials. To avoid these mistakes, here are some tips:
Provide Complete Information: Be sure to include all necessary information in your application, including medical records and financial documentation. Incomplete applications are often delayed or denied.
Failing to Appeal a Denial: Many people assume that a denial means they are not eligible for benefits, but you have the right to appeal. If you are denied, don’t give up; appeal the decision promptly.
Not Seeking Legal Help: The SSDI and SSI application process can be complex, especially when it comes to understanding the legal requirements and ensuring that your case is presented effectively. Consider consulting with an attorney or advocate who specializes in Social Security disability claims.
Misunderstanding Work History Requirements: For SSDI, ensure that you meet the necessary work credits and have documentation of your work history. For SSI, make sure you meet the income and resource limits.
What to Expect After Your Application is Approved
If your application for SSDI or SSI is approved, you can expect to receive monthly benefits to help with your financial needs. The amount of the benefit will vary based on factors such as your work history (for SSDI) or financial need (for SSI).
For SSDI, benefits will continue as long as you meet the SSA’s definition of disability. If your condition improves or you return to work, your benefits may be reduced or terminated. For SSI, benefits will depend on your financial circumstances, and you must report any changes in income or resources.
Conclusion
Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) are critical programs designed to support individuals who are unable to work due to disability. Understanding the eligibility criteria, the application process, and common mistakes to avoid can help increase your chances of successfully obtaining benefits. If you are considering applying for SSDI or SSI, it is recommended to consult with an experienced attorney or advocate to guide you through the process and improve your chances of approval.
This blog post is for informational purposes only and should not be considered legal advice. For advice tailored to your specific situation, please contact VRO Law Firm. Our team of experienced professionals is ready to assist you with your disability benefits application and help you navigate the process with confidence.